Today it has become the norm that a child entering school needs much more knowledge and skills than it was two or three decades ago. One of the important requirements for the amount of knowledge is learning letters. Now children are taught letters and sounds in a preschool, various. However, knowledge will become more complete if preschool children constantly replenish and consolidate them in home schooling. Parents will be able to effectively teach their baby if they use the methods of introducing children to letters, sounds, words and follow certain recommendations. What do adults need to know in order to teach a child letters?
Preschool age is the best period for learning letters
For many parents with small children, the question arises: when is the best time to start learning the alphabet? There are several opinions on the study of letters by preschoolers:
To make acquaintance with letters an interesting and accessible activity for preschool children, pushing them to further learning to read, parents need to get acquainted with the recommendations of specialists. This will make it easy to organize homework. So, by what principles do we learn letters with children:
- The game - the leading activity at preschool age should become the main method of teaching children, therefore the principle of homework is to learn letters while playing.
- Acquaintance with the alphabet is quite difficult for preschoolers, so the work is done gradually, from simple to complex. It is not necessary to demand from the child the mechanical memorization of the entire alphabet at once. At each lesson, you need to meaningfully work out one letter, consolidate the previous material and master the new one.
- Before starting training, an adult must himself learn how to correctly name letters: clearly and stressed consonants (b, but not "be", m, p, s, but not "um, er, es"). Vowels need to be taught to the child to pronounce drawlingly, for example, a-a-a.
- It is more useful to study sounds and letters at the same time to develop a further skill in reading by syllables. This technique will help maintain interest in rather monotonous tasks. You can begin to compose syllables when the necessary supply of letters appears (ba, ma, pa, yes). It is also necessary to show that the letter being studied is necessarily part of any words, for example, a - watermelon, o - autumn, y - snail, etc.
- Experts recommend introducing letters and sounds in the order in which they are formed in ontogenesis (individual development of the organism). First of all, these are vowels a, o, y, s, e and consonants. The vowels i, e, e, yu consist of two sounds, therefore they are studied at an older age.
- Consolidation of knowledge about letters should be accompanied by activities that are interesting for the baby: drawing, modeling, applique, design. For this, experts have developed many games and exercises that can be used in preparation for homework.
Games and exercises for homework
How to teach a child letters at home? In addition to special aids, such as primer, alphabet, in psychological and pedagogical practice, you can find many interesting tasks to consolidate knowledge about letters and sounds. Such collections will help parents competently and, most importantly, it is interesting to organize home schooling. Do not take on complex game tasks, the simplest fun can be an exciting learning tool for kids.
We build an unusual house
The simplest game exercise with cubes will help fix the name of the letters. An adult can purchase ready-made cubes with images of letters; together with a child, you can prepare home-made, homemade ones, for example, by painting ordinary wooden cubes. With their help, we learn letters, for example:
- build a ladder of letters that can sing (vowels a, o, u, s, e);
- we will build a house for the doll from cubes with different letters and teach them to call them d, o, m;
- we will show the correct cube - a guess, for example, to riddles with the letter b:
I wear a fluffy coat
I live in a dense forest.
In a hollow on an old oak
I gnaw nuts (squirrel)
There are workers in the river
Neither joiners nor carpenters
And build a dam
At least paint a picture (beavers)
- find the cube where the stork is drawn (ask what the first letter is).
The creativity of the parents will help make the game with blocks a fun activity. Cubes with a certain letter can be placed everywhere: in the room, kitchen, hallway; on the wardrobe, TV, table, windowsill, so that they constantly accompany the baby.
Where is the letter hidden?
An adult lays out one copy of the letters in different places in the room, and hangs the other in a conspicuous place for comparison. Among them is the letter that the child needs to find. The game is played on the type of "hot - cold". The player follows the instructions of an adult, for example: go straight, then turn left, take two steps, turn left again. The leader directs the movement with the words "cold, warmer, cold again, warm, hot." On the way, the kid finds other letters and compares with the desired one. In addition to fixing the letter, spatial skills are practiced.
Who will collect the letters faster
It is desirable to play several participants, so it is good if the whole family takes part in the game. Pictures with different images of the same letter are laid out on the site, the players, at the signal of the leader, begin to collect them. It is good to use funny poems, you can write your own to create a positive mood, for example: "An arrow leads us to the letter b. Here is a birch, but here is a squirrel." The one who collects the most images the fastest wins. Be sure to include a trainee among the winners.
Pouch with letters
We study letters with children according to the classic version of the "wonderful bag". An adult prepares a beautiful bag, puts small objects into it, the name of which begins with the letter being studied, for example, "p": a pen, a fish, a strap, a comb, a camomile, a robot. The child takes out an object and clearly pronounces the word. In the future, the game is complicated by the fact that the studied letter moves to the middle and end of the word.
The game is played according to the type of associations (images that arise in the mind in response to the letter). Such tasks help children easily memorize letters, without repeating them many times. Associations can be something like this: think of an object that the letter ( BUT like the roof of a house O- steering wheel, wheel, At- a twig fell from a tree, AND- bug, P- gates). In this exercise, it will be interesting to use rhymes that can be found in any manual for preschoolers, for example:
B looks like a pipe
What buzzes: "Boo-boo, boo-boo"!
similar AT, there is no doubt
For pretzels, a bike.
Letter D look, here
The ship is sailing towards us.
Letter AND just like a beetle
Perched on a branch.
Educational online games
In addition to classical games and exercises, as one of the methods, online games are actively used in modern pedagogy. They can be successfully introduced into homework. The main thing is to remember that the time spent at the computer should be limited for preschoolers from 10 to 15 minutes. Games should also correspond to the age of children, the level of knowledge and methodological requirements, for example, kids online - the game teaches them to name letters correctly, older preschoolers - to remember the order of letters, make up syllables, look for missing letters in words. We learn letters with children using, for example, such games:
Talking alphabet for kids
The speaking alphabet works wonders!
Press any letter and immediately get the word!
In the game, the preschool child fixes the correct name of the letter and sees a picture that shows an object with this letter. It is useful to practice in such a task for those children who are just beginning to recognize letters. Older preschoolers can complicate the game by offering to remember their order in the alphabet.
connect the dots
Games by the type of connecting dots with one line are designed for older preschoolers, they help to remember the order of letters, to distinguish between vowels and consonants. For example, one of these online games is "Foxes", in which, with the help of the correct combination of letters, a funny picture is obtained. The player, by pressing the keyboard buttons and connecting the dots, remembers the letters. If the task is completed correctly, snow will cover the winter forest. A more complicated option: they explain to a preschooler that vowels (singing) are colored red, consonants are blue (hard), green (soft). The child must pronounce them with correct articulation.
How to teach a child the alphabet with creativity
Parents will be interested to know that in addition to the classic methods of getting to know letters, there are other exciting methods that will interest both adults and children. They are based on creative activities that always attract preschool children: applications, drawing, modeling, designing.
Application
An adult, together with a child, cuts out letters from thick paper of a fairly large size. Then comes the preparation of jewelry, it can be cereal, fabric, colored paper, beads. Decorations with glue are applied to the stencils. It turns out bright beautiful letters that can be assembled with a garland and placed in different places (children's corner, wall, on the Christmas tree).
Drawing
Drawing letters is an original technique for memorizing them. You can draw on paper with felt-tip pens, a board and a stick in the sand. For the same purpose, you can use all kinds of coloring books, old magazines, in which you can search for familiar letters with a felt-tip pen together with a preschooler.
modeling
Letters will be remembered faster if you hold them in your hands and manipulate them, that is, slap them. At the same time, this is a good tool for the development of fine motor skills, directly related to speech. Plasticine, clay, salt dough are suitable for this purpose. Also, as in the application, finished letters can be decorated with peas, beads, or simply painted with gouache paints.
Construction
Building letters is a fun activity for kids! It helps not only to fix the alphabet, but also develops hand motor skills, thinking, attention, desire for associations (seeing letters in surrounding objects). You can build or design letters not only from a special constructor (metal, wood, plastic), but also from any improvised material. For example, from sticks, matchboxes, little books in hardcover. Everything that fantasy is rich in can become material for the construction of letters.
Dear parents! In modern pedagogy, many original methods can be found with which you can quickly learn letters and move on to reading. Every parent can teach their child letters. However, every parent should remember that learning should bring joy to the baby, a living desire to learn new things, and not be a boring, monotonous task. Your intelligent decision, patience, love for your child will help to achieve good results. Good luck in raising your children!
Lessons in preparing children for school. requirements for preschoolers. Criteria for testing knowledge and skills of preschoolers. Checking the readiness of children for schooling. Game teaching methods. The development of logical thinking, attention, imagination in preschoolers. Educational games for children 6-7 years old in kindergarten. Card file of developing games for children of the preparatory group of the preschool educational institution.
The game "Flowers in the flower beds"
Target
: multi-colored cardboard, scissors.
Description: the teacher cuts out of cardboard three flowers of red, orange, blue and three flower beds - round, square and rectangular. Invite the child to distribute the flowers in the flower beds in accordance with the story: “Red flowers did not grow on a round or square flower bed, orange ones did not grow on a round or rectangular one. Where did the flowers grow?
Logic tasks
Target: develop attention, logical thinking.
Description: the teacher invites the children to play logical tasks, chips are given for each correct answer. Whoever has more chips wins.
1) There are objects in front of Chipollino: a bucket, a shovel, a watering can. How to make the shovel become extreme without moving it from its place? (You can put a watering can in front of a shovel or in front of a bucket.)
2) Winnie the Pooh, Tigger and Piglet cut out three flags of different colors: blue, green, red. The tiger was cut not by a red, but by Winnie the Pooh - not a red and not a blue flag. What color flag did each one cut out? (Winnie the Pooh cut out a green flag, Tigger - blue. Piglet - red.)
3) There are four apples on the table. One apple was cut and put back. How many apples are on the table? (4 apples.)
4) Arrange two chairs in the room so that there is a chair against each wall. (You need to put chairs in two opposite corners.)
5) Place a triangle of one stick and a square of two sticks on the table. (You need to put the chopsticks on the corner of the table.)
The game "I guessed ..."
Target:
Description: the teacher guesses an object. Invite the child to use clarifying questions to find out the name of the object.
Does this item fly? (Yes.)
Does he have wings? (Yes.)
Does he fly high? (Yes.)
- Is he animated? (Not.)
- Is it made of plastic? (Not.)
— Of iron? (Yes.)
Does he have a propeller? (Yes.)
- Is it a helicopter? (Yes.)
Game "Choose the right one"
Target: develop logical thinking.
Description: children are offered options in which there are extra positions, for example:
The boot always has: buckle, sole, straps, buttons.
In warm regions live: bear, deer, wolf, penguin, camel.
Winter months: September, October, December, May.
In a year: 24 months, 12 months, 4 months, 3 months.
A father is older than his son: often, always, rarely, never.
Time of day: year, month, week, day, Monday.
A tree always has: leaves, flowers, fruits, root, shade.
Seasons: August, autumn, Saturday, holidays.
Passenger transport: harvester, dump truck, bus, diesel locomotive.
This game can be continued.
The game "I take with me on the road"
Target: develop logical thinking.
pictures with images of single objects.
Description: Lay images face down. Invite your child to go sailing. But, in order for the trip to be successful, you need to thoroughly prepare for it, stock up on everything you need. Ask the child to take one picture and talk about how this item can be useful. The items in the pictures should be very different. For example, a child takes out a picture of a ball: “The ball can be played while relaxing, the ball can be used instead of a life buoy because it does not sink, etc.” You can play different situations: on a desert island, on a train, in a village.
The game "How are they similar and how are they different?"
Target: develop logical thinking.
Description: the facilitator offers two subjects to the children, the children must compare them and indicate the similarities and differences. For example: plum and peach; little girl and doll; bird and plane; cat and squirrel; an orange and an orange ball of the same size; marker and chalk.
The game "Resettle the birds"
Target: develop logical thinking.
Game material and visual aids: 20 cards with the image of birds: domestic, migratory, wintering, singing, predatory, etc.
Description: invite the child to settle the birds in nests: in one nest - migratory birds, in another - all those who have white plumage, in the third - all birds with long beaks. What birds were left without a nest? What kind of birds can be settled in several nests?
Game "Associations"
Target: develop logical thinking.
Description: children are divided into two groups. One group invites the other to talk about an object, using words denoting other objects in their story. For example, talk about carrots using the words: duck, orange, cube, Snow Maiden. (It is the same color as an orange. It can be cut into cubes. Ducks love its upper part. If you don’t eat it, you will be as pale as a Snow Maiden.) Then the groups change roles. The subject for description and words-characteristics are set by the leader.
Game "Come up with a proposal"
Goals: develop logical thinking, speech activity; develop a sense of language.
Game material and visual aids: ping pong ball.
Description: the teacher with the children sits in a circle and explains the rules of the game. He says any words, and the children come up with a sentence with this word. For example: the teacher calls the word "close" and passes the ball to the child. He takes the ball and quickly answers: "I live close to the kindergarten." Then the child says his word and passes the ball to the person sitting next to him. So in turn the ball passes from one player to another.
Games for the development of speech in preschool children of the preparatory group
Game "Make a proposal"
Target: develop the ability to make sentences from these words and use nouns in the plural.
Description: Invite the child to make a sentence out of words. In the first lessons, the number of words should not be more than three, for example: "shore, house, white." Sentences can be: “There is a house with a white roof on the river bank” or “In winter, the roofs of houses and rivers become white from snow”, etc. Explain to the child that the form of words can be changed, that is, use them in the plural, change the ending.
Game "Opposites"
Target: to consolidate the ability to select words that are opposite in meaning.
Game material and visual aids: chips.
Description: invite the child to alternately come up with pairs of words-opposites. For each coined pair, a chip is issued. Whoever has the most chips at the end of the game wins. In the first part of the game, pairs are made - nouns; then - adjectives, verbs and adverbs (fire - water, smart - stupid, close - open, high - low).
Good and bad game
Target: develop monologue speech.
Description: invite the child to identify the bad and good features of the heroes of fairy tales. For example: the fairy tale "Cat, rooster and fox." The rooster woke up the cat for work, cleaned the house, cooked dinner - that's good. But he did not obey the cat and looked out the window when the fox called him - this is bad. Or the fairy tale "Puss in Boots": helping your master is good, but for this he deceived everyone - this is bad.
Game "Contradictions"
Target: develop the ability to select words that are opposite in meaning.
Description: invite the child to find signs of one object that contradict each other. For example: a book is dark and white at the same time (cover and sheets), an iron is hot and cold, etc. Read the poem:
Apple
In front of passers-by
An apple hung in the garden.
Well, who cares?
Just an apple hanging.
Only the horse said that it was low,
And the mouse is high.
Sparrow said close
And the snail is far away.
And the calf is preoccupied
The fact that the apple is not enough.
And the chicken - because it is very
Big and hard.
And the kitten doesn't care
Sour, why is it?
"What do you! - the worm whispers. -
He has a sweet barrel."
G. Sapgir
Discuss the poem. Draw the child's attention to the fact that the same object, the same phenomenon can be characterized in different ways, depending on the point of view, both literally and figuratively.
Game "Who's gone?"
Target: learn to use proper nouns in the nominative singular.
Game material and visual aids: chairs.
Description: children-spectators sit on chairs. In front of them, on the side, 4 chairs are placed for the participants in the game. The teacher tells the children that now they will guess who left. Summons four children. Three sit in a row, the fourth, opposite. The teacher invites him to carefully look at who is sitting opposite, say their names, and go to another room. One of the three is hiding. The guesser returns and takes his seat. The teacher says: “(Name of the child), look carefully and tell me who left?” If the child guesses correctly, the one hiding runs out. The children sit in their places, and the teacher calls the next four children, and the game resumes.
The game "How do we dress?"
Target: to teach the correct use of common nouns in the accusative case of the singular and plural.
Game material and visual aids: items of children's clothing.
Description: each child thinks of a piece of clothing, for example: a scarf, a skirt, a dress, gloves, panties, a T-shirt, etc. Then he quietly calls him to the teacher so that the rest of the children do not hear (the teacher makes sure that the children do not choose the same thing same). The teacher begins to talk about something, for example: “Vasya was going to sled and put on ...”
Interrupting the story, he points to one of the participants in the game. He names the piece of clothing he has in mind. The rest of the children must judge whether the boy dressed correctly. This game is very fun, because sometimes you get funny combinations.
The game "Who will carry the items faster?"
Target: to fix in the speech of children the correct use of common nouns in the singular of the accusative case.
Game material and visual aids: children's dishes and furniture.
Description: playing children sit on chairs, opposite them are two chairs, on which 5-6 items of different categories are placed, for example: children's dishes (cup, saucer, kettle), children's furniture (crib, chair, table). Two empty chairs are placed at a distance. Two children from different teams stand near the chairs and on command: “One, two, three - take the dishes!” - begin to transfer the necessary items to the empty chairs opposite. The winner is the one who is more correct and earlier than others will transfer all the items related to the category named by the teacher and name them. Then the next pairs of children compete.
Speech sample: "I moved the teapot (cup, saucer)."
One-one-one game
Target: learn to distinguish the gender of nouns.
Game material and visual aids: small items (pictures) are mixed in the box:
masculine
pencil
Neuter gender
towel
Feminine
pot
Description: children take turns taking out objects from the box, calling them: "This is a pencil." The teacher asks the question: “How much?” The child answers: "One pencil." For the correct answer, the child receives a picture, at the end of the game counts the number of pictures for each child and determines the winner.
Game "Guess what it is?"
Target: learn to use adjectives in speech, correctly coordinate them with pronouns.
Game material and visual aids: natural fruits (models).
Description: the teacher shows the children fruits, then calls the children one at a time. The summoned person is blindfolded and offered to choose a fruit. The child must guess by touch what kind of fruit it is and what shape it is, or determine its hardness.
Children's speech pattern:"This Apple. It is round (solid)."
Game "What do you like?"
Target: learn to conjugate verbs.
Game material and visual aids: subject pictures on any topic.
Description: one child chooses a picture (for example, with a picture of cherries), shows it and, turning to another child, says: “I love cherries. What do you like?" In turn, the second child takes a picture (for example, depicting plums) and, turning to the third child, says: “I love plums. What do you like?"
When you play the game again, you can change the theme of the pictures.
Literacy games for children 6-7 years old in kindergarten
Game "Where is our home?"
Target:
Game material and visual aids: a set of subject pictures (com, ball, catfish, duck, fly, crane, doll, mouse, bag), three houses with pockets and a number on each (3, 4 or 5).
Description: the child takes a picture, names the object depicted on it, counts the number of sounds in the spoken word and inserts the picture into the pocket with a number corresponding to the number of sounds in the word. Representatives of the row come out in turn. If they are wrong, they are corrected by the children of the second row. A point is scored for each correct answer. The row with the most points is considered the winner.
Game "Let's build a pyramid"
Target: develop the ability to determine the number of sounds in a word.
Game material and visual aids: a pyramid is drawn on the board, the base of which consists of five squares, four squares above, then three; pictures depicting various objects, in the name of which there are five, four, three sounds (respectively, five, four, three pictures - a bag, a scarf, shoes, a mouse, a pear, a duck, a vase, an elephant, a wolf, a poppy, a wasp, a nose).
Description: the teacher invites the children to fill in the pyramid. Among the pictures put on the typesetting canvas, you must first find those in the names of which there are five sounds, then four and three. Wrong answer is not counted. Correct completion of the task is rewarded with a chip.
Game "Lost and Found"
Target: learn to perform sound-letter analysis of words.
Game material and visual aids: subject pictures with pockets, cards with the names of the subject shown in the picture are inserted in them, but one consonant is missing in each word (for example: tig instead of tiger), a set of letters.
Description: the teacher shows the children pictures with captions and says that some letters in the words are lost. The correct entry needs to be restored. To do this, you need to contact the "lost and found", where all the lost things fall. The guys take turns going to the teacher and calling the picture, identifying the missing letter in the signature, taking it in the “lost and found table”, putting it in its place.
Game "What are their names?"
Target: to develop the ability to determine the first sound in a word, to compose words from letters.
Game material and visual aids: a set of subject pictures (the name of a boy or girl will be made from the initial letters of their names); plates with the image of a boy and a girl with pockets for inserting pictures and letters; letter cards.
Description: the teacher hangs out signs with images of a boy and a girl and says that he came up with names for them. Children can guess these names if they highlight the first sounds in the names of the pictures in the pockets and replace them with letters.
There are two teams - girls and boys. Representatives of the teams name the objects depicted on the cards and highlight the first sound in the word. Then they take the corresponding letter from the split alphabet and replace the picture with it. One team guesses the name of the girl, the other - the name of the boy.
The first team to make a name wins.
Sample material: boat, donkey, crayfish, aster; ball, snail, gun, stork.
Game "Scattered letters"
Target: develop the ability to make words from these letters, perform sound-letter analysis.
Game material and visual aids: split alphabet by the number of children.
Description: the teacher calls the letters, the children type them from the alphabet and make up a word. For a correctly composed word, the child receives one point (chip). Whoever has the most points at the end of the game wins.
Zoo game
Target: develop the ability to select words with a given number of syllables.
Game material and visual aids: three pockets, on each of which a cage for animals is drawn, under the pockets there is a graphic representation of the syllabic composition of words (the first pocket is one syllable, the second is two syllables, the third is three syllables); cards with pictures of animals and their names.
Description: the teacher says that they made new cages for the zoo. Offers to determine which animals can be placed in which cage. Children go to the teacher in order, take cards with the image of an animal, read its name by syllables and determine the number of syllables in a word. By the number of syllables, they find a cage for the named animal and put the card in the appropriate pocket.
Sample material: elephant, camel, tiger, lion, bear, crocodile, rhino, wolf, fox, giraffe, elk, jackal, hare, badger.
The game "Chain"
Target: develop the ability to select words in one syllable.
Description: the teacher says: "Window." Children divide this word into syllables. Next, the children select a word that begins with the last syllable in the word “window” (no-ra). Then they come up with a new word that begins with the syllable ra (ra-ma), etc. The winner is the one who last completed the chain and named the most words.
The game "Encrypted alphabet"
Target: to consolidate knowledge of the alphabet and its practical application.
Description: the teacher selects several letters of the alphabet that are most common in words, each of them assigns a license plate. For example:
A O K T S I N L D M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The teacher shows the child how to write down words, replacing them with numbers: 9 2 10 (house), 5 6 8 1 (strength), etc. Number all the letters of the alphabet. Invite the child to play "scouts" by sending encrypted letters to each other.
Game "Help Pinocchio"
Target: consolidate the ability to distinguish vowels and consonants.
Game material and visual aids: two boxes, cards with vowels and consonants.
Description: Pinocchio comes to visit the children. He entered school and asks to check his homework: Pinocchio put cards with vowels in one box, and with consonants in another. Check if all letters are spelled correctly. The child saves one card at a time and checks the correctness of the task. You can intentionally confuse letters, put several vowels in a box with consonants and vice versa. When all the mistakes are corrected, Pinocchio says goodbye and goes to school.
Scouts game
Target: develop phonemic hearing, logical thinking, speech skills.
Description: the teacher shows another way of the cipher - by the first letters of the lines:
The lizard lives in the desert.
Animals can be wild and domestic.
December is a winter month.
In the morning we have breakfast.
A dark cloud blocked the sun.
If the snow has melted, then spring has come.
A log is a sawn tree.
The raspberry ripens in summer.
From the first letters of each line it turned out: I'm waiting for you. It can be encrypted in various ways.
Math games for children 6-7 years old in kindergarten
The game "The mother hen and chickens"
Goals: to consolidate counting skills; develop auditory attention.
Game material and visual aids: cards with the image of chickens of different numbers.
Description: The cards show different numbers of chickens. Distribute roles: children - "chickens", one child - "hen". The mother hen is chosen using a counting rhyme:
They say at dawn
Gathered on the mountain
Pigeon, goose and jackdaw...
That's the whole count.
Each child receives a card and counts the number of chickens on it. The teacher addresses the children:
The chickens want to eat.
We must feed the chickens.
The mother hen begins her game actions: she knocks on the table several times - she calls the “chickens” to the grains. If the “hen” knocked 3 times, the child who has a card with the image of three chickens squeaks 3 times (pee-pee-pee) - his chickens are fed.
Game "Number houses"
Target: to consolidate knowledge about the composition of the number of the first ten, basic mathematical signs, the ability to compose and solve examples.
Game material and visual aids: silhouettes of houses with inscriptions on the roof of one of the houses from 3 to 10; set of cards with numbers.
Description: houses are distributed to the players, the child examines cards with numbers. Ask the child to name the numbers and put them in order. Put a large card with a house in front of the child. A certain number lives in each of the houses. Invite the child to think and say what numbers it consists of. Let the child name their options. After that, he can show all the options for the composition of the number, laying out cards with numbers or dots in the windows.
Game "Guess the number"
Target: to consolidate the skills of addition and subtraction, the ability to compare numbers.
Description: Invite the child to guess what number they have in mind. The teacher says: “If you add 3 to this number, you get 5” or “The number that I thought of is more than five, but less than seven.” You can change roles with children, the child guesses the number, and the teacher guesses.
Game "Collect a flower"
Target: develop counting skills, imagination.
Game material and visual aids: the core of a flower and separately seven petals cut out of cardboard, on each of the petals an arithmetic expression for addition or subtraction up to 10.
Description: invite the child to collect a magical seven-color flower, but inserting a petal into the core is possible only if the example is correctly solved. After the child collects the flower, ask what wishes he would make for each petal.
Game "Spread the numbers"
Target: exercise children in forward and backward counting.
Game material and visual aids: cards with numbers from 1 to 15.
Description: lay out the prepared cards in random order. Invite the child to lay out the cards in ascending order of numbers, then in descending order. You can choose other layout options, for example: "Lay out the cards, skipping every second (third) number."
Game "Transformation of numbers"
Target: to train children in the performance of addition and subtraction.
Game material and visual aids: counting sticks.
Description: invite the child to play wizards who turn several numbers into one: “What number do you think the numbers 3 and 2 can turn into?” Using counting sticks, add three to two, then remove two of three. Record the results obtained in the form of examples. Ask the child to become a magician and use magic wands to turn one number into another.
Game "Holiday of the Number"
Target: reinforce addition and subtraction skills.
Description: declare each day a holiday of some date. On this day, the “birthday” number invites other numbers to visit, but with the condition that each number must pick up a friend who will help it turn into the number of the day. For example, the holiday of the number seven. Number 7 invites number 5 to visit and asks who will accompany her. The number 5 thinks and answers: "2 or 12" (5 + 2; 12 - 5).
The game "Entertaining squares"
Target: to consolidate addition skills, mathematical actions.
Game material and visual aids: drawn squares.
Description: in the drawn squares, it is necessary to arrange the numbers in the cells so that the same definite number is obtained along any horizontal and vertical rows, as well as along any diagonal.
Number 6
Game "Math Kaleidoscope"
Target: develop ingenuity, ingenuity, the ability to use mathematical operations.
Description:
Three boys - Kolya, Andrey, Vova - went to the store. On the way they found three kopecks. How much money did one Vova find if he went to the store alone? (Three kopecks.)
Two fathers and two sons ate 3 eggs for breakfast, and each of them got a whole egg. How could this happen? (3 people were sitting at the table: grandfather, father and son.)
How many ends do 4 sticks have? What about 5 sticks? What about 5 and a half sticks? (4 sticks have 8 ends, 5 sticks have 10 ends, 5 and a half sticks have 12 ends.)
The field was plowed by 7 tractors. 2 tractors stopped. How many tractors are in the field? (7 tractors.)
How to bring water in a sieve? (Freeze it.)
At 10 o'clock the baby woke up. When did he go to bed if he slept for 2 hours? (At 8:00.)
There were three goats. One is in front of the two, one is between the two, and one is behind the two. How were the goats? (One by one.)
Sister is 4 years old, brother is 6 years old. How old will the brother be when the sister turns 6? (8 years.)
The goose weighs 2 kg. How much will he weigh when he stands on 1 leg? (2 kg.)
Burned 7 candles. Two extinguished. How many candles are left? (Two because the rest burned down.)
Shel Kondrat went to Leningrad,
And towards - twelve guys.
Each has three baskets.
In each basket - a cat.
Each cat has 12 kittens.
How many of them all went to Leningrad?
K. Chukovsky
(One Kondrat went to Leningrad, the rest went towards him.)
The game "Collect the scattered geometric shapes"
Goals: consolidate knowledge of geometric shapes; to teach according to a drawing (sample) to assemble geometric shapes in a certain sequence in space; encourage children to play.
Game material and visual aids: a set of color schemes depicting geometric shapes and colored geometric shapes for each child.
Description: children choose for themselves any geometric figure of a certain color, but first they choose a leader who will collect geometric shapes in a certain order. To music or a tambourine, children run around the group room or kindergarten area. As soon as the music stops, the children freeze in place. The facilitator arranges the guys according to the picture shown on the sheet.
Note. Geometric shapes can be in the form of hats.
At present, children, when they enter school, already know letters well and have basic reading skills. If 20 years ago this was a rarity, now the preschool program in the kindergarten is structured in such a way that the first reading and writing skills should be obtained as early as 5 years old. At the same time, young parents often face a problem: how to build classes with children so that they can quickly learn the alphabet?
Basic learning rules
For parents who want to help their children, it is important to know the basic rules for building classes:
- It is impossible to force something to learn, learning is effective if it brings pleasure.
- Lessons with children should be regular. Only in this way can you gradually help the kids learn new information and fix it in their memory.
- Think carefully about the form in which you will present the alphabet. It should be easy and accessible.
Learning the alphabet with a child is not easy, it is important to understand your baby and be able to listen to his desires. It is good if the learning process is built on the hobbies of children. For example, if your kid loves to watch cartoons, then pick up educational material in this form with your favorite characters. Animated videos are easy to find on the Web and show them online. For lovers of fairy tales, come up with entertaining stories about letters.
- Remember that a lesson with a five-year-old child cannot exceed 30 minutes, while it should be interesting to him.
- Motivate your child with intangible objects. It is impossible to offer chocolate, new toys and money as an encouragement.
- Lessons should be varied. For example, if you used cubes, then next time take out flashcards or the alphabet.
- While reading books, pay your child's attention to capital letters and ask them to read them on their own. On a walk, it is advisable to read signs or pronounce the letter part of car numbers.
- Add tactile sensations. To do this, prepare an alphabet from colored paper and periodically add appliqué making to the lesson. Let the children touch the letters in the form of magnets. This will help you get a feel for their shape.
- First you need to learn all the vowels, and then the consonants.
Pay attention to your pronunciation, it is important that you pronounce each letter in the form of sounds correctly and clearly. Be sure to prepare the following materials:
- magnetic board with the alphabet;
- cubes with letters and images;
- cards with large letters;
- posters;
- lotto;
- primer
- thematic coloring pages and copybooks;
- books where words are written in syllables (to continue studying).
Additional visualization helps not only to attract attention, but is also needed to quickly assimilate new information.
We use cards
In every bookstore you can buy cards with letters and pictures. They are one of the most affordable ways to learn individual letters. Divide the cards into several groups. Start learning with three letters, and when the child remembers them well, add the following. Pay attention to the abilities of your baby, if the alphabet is easy for him, then it’s a good idea to study 6 letters with him at once.
It is advisable to make cards yourself if you have a printer. Make collages on A4 sheet with a large bright letter and images that match it. In this case, you can choose pictures that will definitely interest your child.
After the lesson, do not remove the cards, but place them in the children's room. To do this, you can use a magnetic board, and if you don’t have one, then attach the images to the curtain with clothespins.
How to choose the right alphabet
No one knows a child better than his parents, so it is worth buying educational books on your own. Go to your nearest bookstore and check out the range. Now they are releasing a wide variety of book options for children, helping them quickly learn the alphabet.
- If your kid is prone to music, then get a voiced manual. Be sure to check the book before buying. It is important that its sound is clear and not distorted. If your task is to learn the English alphabet, then buy a book with a theme song.
- For boys who are fans of cars, primers with thematic pictures are now being released. In this case, the hobby will provide an increased interest in learning.
- For memorization, it’s good to buy the alphabet in verse. It is best to choose time-tested authors, for example, good thematic poems by Boris Zakhoder and Samuil Marshak.
- For children who love to draw, coloring is the best choice. After the kid remembers the next letter quite well, invite him to paint it in a bright color. Until this time, color with the child auxiliary pictures.
Every year, publishing houses release new books that are aimed at children with different tastes and hobbies, so choosing a good alphabet that suits your baby is not difficult.
Sometimes we do not think about the fact that the alphabet is the most important book in our life. 33 pages with letters of the Russian alphabet and pictures that make them easy to remember - a classic format familiar to everyone. What could be easier and what could be more difficult. These 33 letters are the foundation of future literacy and the first acquaintance with the native language.
The creators of the alphabets try to choose for each letter the most understandable and visual word or image that will illustrate it. And this is not always easy, especially in the case of vowels "ё" or "ы". And it’s not at all easy to understand “th”, “b”, “b”.
However, educators note that despite these difficulties, children (especially those from reading families) intuitively learn the differences between letters and sounds and do not experience great problems with learning the alphabet.
Despite the inviolability of its structure, the alphabet often becomes a source of inspiration for famous poets, writers and artists. Writing or drawing your own alphabet is a unique task, comparable to inventing or describing your own world.
The artist decides to experiment ... and as a result, an unusual book is born that causes real delight in children.
Svetlana Minkova has created a unique ABC with Holes, a non-standard game book made using the collage technique. The book does have slit holes, from which characters and fragments of illustrations peek out, as if inviting a child to play with them. Minkova's hand-made illustrations captivate with their ingenuity, it seems that the flight of her imagination knows no bounds.
The famous artist Nikolai Vorontsov, whom we all used to call by the cozy home name "Uncle Kolya Vorontsov", came up with his own "A-a-alphabet".
A-a-ABC is a great first book to read. In addition to letters, their stories and adventures, here you can find various tasks that will make it easier to memorize the alphabet. The book invites the child to active co-creation - somewhere you need to finish the picture, somewhere to play a fun game, count something or practice writing letters. An important detail is that in the Vorontsov alphabet, the letter to which this or that section is devoted is highlighted everywhere, and not only at the beginning of the word, as in the vast majority of alphabets. For example, not only "pancake", "alarm clock", but also "bagel", "drum".
Usually one or another letter is illustrated by objects (a - orange, b - roll, c - felt boots, etc.). David Plaksin took a completely different path. Not nouns, but adjectives tell about his "Such different letters". This is how watermelon A, vegetable O, pirate P and lantern F appeared.
The alphabet from the collection of the State Hermitage introduces the child not only to the alphabet, but to the world of art. Each letter is supplemented by a work (or a fragment thereof) kept in the treasury of world culture - the Hermitage. The small format of the alphabet makes it especially cozy and homely. Perhaps the most touching spread of the book is devoted to the letter "M". The word "mother" is illustrated by Raphael's Madonna and Child...
Studying this alphabet, the child begins to perceive art as a natural part of his life, and after that he is unlikely to be bored in museums and galleries.
Most often, author's alphabets are written in poetic form. First, rhyming lines allow children to better remember single-letter words. Secondly, poetry is inextricably linked with the language game, in which children readily join. Reading an incredible rhyme where the word is encrypted, memorizing funny lines in which each word begins with "d" or "f" - this kind of literary game is always liked by little listeners and readers.
Classical poets created their own alphabets, which are still popular with children and parents. Who would refuse to have their child learn letters together with Sergei Mikhalkov, Samuil Marshak, Agniya Barto or Boris Zakhoder. Many of us grew up with these lines:
The woodpecker lived in an empty hollow,
Oak hollowed like a chisel
Spruce looks like a hedgehog:
Hedgehog in needles, Christmas tree - too.
The beetle has fallen and can't get up
He is waiting for someone to help him.
(S. Ya. Marshak "Merry alphabet. About everything in the world")
A curious event for all connoisseurs of poetry was the publication of "Working ABC", written by the very young Joseph Brodsky. In poetic form, the future Nobel laureate describes various professions. The artist Igor Oleinikov approached the illustration of this book with all responsibility and turned his drawings into an educational game - on each page there are images of things, phenomena and creatures that begin with one letter or another. The task of the reader is to find and name them.
Modern poets do not lag behind their famous predecessors.
08/02/2013 10:53:44, LenaMoscowComment on the article "Preparing for school: learning letters with pleasure"
The same eg. with the letter C - how to say "Es" or just "Se": A child is 3 years old, we are gradually learning letters, we started not so long ago ... but I get confused all the time - how to do it right ... And we must share that this is the sound , and the letter is so? or until this bother?
First I learned the letters. Teaching reading somehow did not go well. Therefore, they explain to parents - do not learn the letters! no need, they will be easily remembered at school. from October we went to school, after 2 weeks she began to read, and she reads every day with pleasure! I...
On September 1, 2015, my daughter Sasha, like thousands of other children, went to first grade. Like many other mothers, I had to carefully prepare myself and prepare all household members for the upcoming changes, some of which were a real surprise for our family. First of all, our regime has changed dramatically. I get up before everyone else, because I don’t want to gather in the bustle, I cook breakfast, then I wake up my husband and children .. We have breakfast, chat, discuss plans for the day, the children even have time ...
The alphabet is our best friend, Everyone knows everything in the world. There are many letters around, All children learn them. Books to read, the ABC everyone should know.
The more different things you slip, the faster and more fun it will turn out. When they taught numbers, I bought everything that I more or less liked with numbers, when I bought letters, too, I even have an alphabet puzzle.
Does your child not know letters yet? Do you want to introduce him to them in a playful way? There is nothing easier! "AzBuKa for children" with the Borey beetle is a great opportunity to teach the basics of the Russian language. Beetle Borya is an incredibly cute connoisseur of the alphabet, learning letters with him is a pleasure and fun. Especially for children, "AzBuKa" is structured in such a way that the child memorizes letters, beating various funny situations, tasks for repetition are given in the form of memory tasks.
February 8, 2014 marks the 25th anniversary of the unique institution of preschool education, in whose forge future graduates of prestigious educational institutions are forged. The school also publishes books that allow parents to give basic knowledge to their kids on their own. For 25 years, the "School of Geniuses" has been laying the intellectual foundation in its little students according to the author's training program from the first letters to the depths of space. One of the first to pay attention to the school of geniuses was a well-known children's writer...
I often go on the Internet, I look for different educational games, counting books, books to work with my child myself, to help prepare for school. I noticed that now there are a lot of reviews about children's tablets, I got the idea to buy such a gadget for my daughter. My husband and I chose the most proven and safe, we took the LG Kids Pad, it is inexpensive and easy to purchase. Now don’t feed our dragonfly with bread, just let it play! Since we didn’t want her to be fond of toys, we uploaded a lot of educational ones there .. .
It was terribly interesting for me to see how and what my children's peers are learning in England. Thank you Sasha for your hard work! Share it, I hope you enjoy it too. Part 1 last year: [link-1] Part 2: [link-2] *** Topic moved from "SP: Gatherings" conference *** Topic moved from blogs
Good summer day to all site visitors! I think I will not be mistaken if I write that at some point all loving parents begin to teach their children to read and write. And we are faced with a responsible task - to choose not only a bright and beautiful, but also a high-quality alphabet with an accessible supply of material for the smallest. To involve the baby in the bewitching world of alphabetic characters, and not to discourage him for a long time. I bought several alphabets for children, by different authors, with different teaching methods. BUT...
Letter games. Interactive game for children in which the kid performs tasks. First you need to choose the right picture with the subject. The second task is more difficult: the child needs to choose the correct letter from those offered. In this game, we learn the letter A. If the game "slows down", wait until the video is fully loaded.
Children are crazy about mobile phones, computers and iPads. After thinking about how to use these attractive tools for useful purposes, I began to explore applications for the iPad in the App Store. In addition to all sorts of alphabets, I discovered for myself a huge number of so-called interactive books. In addition to text, they have various games, the ability to control characters. I really liked Puss in Boots. She is the most beautiful of what I have already downloaded. There is also a version for iPhone. Highly...
we are December, but we still went to school. they ask a lot, at first it was hard, now they seem to be able to cope. but we get sick more often than in the last group in the garden, I think this is due to the load. What about you?
We go to a speech therapist and they give tasks to determine where the letter is, for example, "P" in a word - at the beginning, middle or end. My husband believes that it is too early to torture a child to read words, we are really having a hard time understanding the place of a letter in a word. And what about the rest of the kids 4.5 years old?
Recently, a mother of a seven-year-old son who came to see me had the following incident: At school, the teacher told her that the boy is too creative, and this prevents him from studying: the child lacks attention. When asked by his mother why he did not listen at the lesson, he answered: “But I was not interested. She was not interested." The mother had a question for the specialist: where is the line when we, parents, should stop stimulating the child’s creativity and start hard to instill discipline? AND...
Get in shape The lion's share of classes in the school for pregnant women should be devoted to gymnastics. Preferably with some dance elements. Exercises on fitballs, yoga and Pilates racks will also benefit, and it will not be boring to do. Give preference to courses with a lot of gymnastics. The more of them, the better, because preparation for childbirth, and childbirth itself, is a marathon. And to get the winner's cup, you need to train regularly. Only...
The son was given a poem to learn, he lost it. He remembers the beginning: The ABC is a merry parade... The letters-soldiers are built in a row. They stood up, froze: "They will call now!" Their wise secret is revealed to the young, It is clear what to do: learn the alphabet!
Section: Preparing for school (why teach a child to write block letters). I remember that at school, and it was in the distant 70s, they taught us to write circles-squiggles right away. No one in first grade wrote in block letters.
The time has come for the child to learn letters for school, and now at home, in the garden, on a walk, at a party, everyone begins to scrupulously train the child: “What letter is this, but this one?”. And the parents sigh, well, the kid does not want to study. But we, adults, also don’t want to learn anything from under pressure, and we grind our teeth when we ourselves have to gnaw at the granite of science. What can we say about the child.
However, today in the market of children's toys there is such a variety of manuals and educational toys that the process of learning letters can turn for a preschooler not into a dull memorization, but into a fun game. Consider not the most difficult toy in this regard - speaking soft alphabet.
It is a poster that is fixed on the wall at such a level that the baby can easily reach the buttons. The size of the poster is 36 x 53 cm. A bright, colorful picture has been selected for each letter. All pictures are voiced. The game has several modes of operation, which are combined into three groups:
1. Remember (the baby gets acquainted with letters, sounds and words that help to better remember the alphabet)
2. We play (the child answers the questions asked by the game and consolidates knowledge)
3. Rest (the game tells nursery rhymes)
The surface of the poster is waterproof and, if necessary, it can be wiped from dirt with a damp cloth. If the baby forgets to turn off the toy, then after a certain time it will go into standby mode. The game also has the ability to adjust the volume of the sound, which is very useful, especially if there are other small children in the family.
What parents should pay attention to when buying such a soft alphabet:
- be sure to check the game for appearance defects (smeared fuzzy pattern, package integrity, tightness of the lid in the battery compartment);
- turn on the toy and check the volume control and sound quality (there is a muffled hissing playback);
- check the buttons and make sure they are active and not stuck.
At home, try to find a suitable place for the game as soon as possible and fix it. Otherwise, the child may, inaccurately positioning the poster, damage the contacts. Show your baby how to turn on the alphabet correctly and do some exercises with him. Make sure he understands the management of the alphabet. Despite the fact that the recommended age for playing is 4 years old, my three-year-old daughter quickly mastered the controls.